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Pearce CL, Templeman C, Rossing MA, et al.: Association between endometriosis and risk of histological subtypes of ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of case-control studies. Lancet Oncol 13 (4): 385-94, 2012.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Lacey JV, Brinton LA, Leitzmann MF, et al.: Menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer risk in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort. J Natl Cancer Inst 98 (19): 1397-405, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract]
Trabert B, Wentzensen N, Yang HP, et al.: Ovarian cancer and menopausal hormone therapy in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Br J Cancer 107 (7): 1181-7, 2012.[PUBMED Abstract]
Engeland A, Tretli S, Bjørge T: Height, body mass index, and ovarian cancer: a follow-up of 1.1 million Norwegian women. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 (16): 1244-8, 2003.[PUBMED Abstract]
Lahmann PH, Cust AE, Friedenreich CM, et al.: Anthropometric measures and epithelial ovarian cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 126 (10): 2404-15, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer: Ovarian cancer and body size: individual participant meta-analysis including 25,157 women with ovarian cancer from 47 epidemiological studies. PLoS Med 9 (4): e1001200, 2012.[PUBMED Abstract]
Lynch HT, Watson P, Lynch JF, et al.: Hereditary ovarian cancer. Heterogeneity in age at onset. Cancer 71 (2 Suppl): 573-81, 1993.[PUBMED Abstract]
Piver MS, Goldberg JM, Tsukada Y, et al.: Characteristics of familial ovarian cancer: a report of the first 1,000 families in the Gilda Radner Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 17 (3): 169-76, 1996.[PUBMED Abstract]
Miki Y, Swensen J, Shattuck-Eidens D, et al.: A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. Science 266 (5182): 66-71, 1994.[PUBMED Abstract]
Easton DF, Bishop DT, Ford D, et al.: Genetic linkage analysis in familial breast and ovarian cancer: results from 214 families. The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Am J Hum Genet 52 (4): 678-701, 1993.[PUBMED Abstract]
Steichen-Gersdorf E, Gallion HH, Ford D, et al.: Familial site-specific ovarian cancer is linked to BRCA1 on 17q12-21. Am J Hum Genet 55 (5): 870-5, 1994.[PUBMED Abstract]
Wooster R, Neuhausen SL, Mangion J, et al.: Localization of a breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2, to chromosome 13q12-13. Science 265 (5181): 2088-90, 1994.[PUBMED Abstract]
Easton DF, Ford D, Bishop DT: Breast and ovarian cancer incidence in BRCA1-mutation carriers. Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Am J Hum Genet 56 (1): 265-71, 1995.[PUBMED Abstract]
Struewing JP, Hartge P, Wacholder S, et al.: The risk of cancer associated with specific mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 among Ashkenazi Jews. N Engl J Med 336 (20): 1401-8, 1997.[PUBMED Abstract]
Rubin SC, Benjamin I, Behbakht K, et al.: Clinical and pathological features of ovarian cancer in women with germ-line mutations of BRCA1. N Engl J Med 335 (19): 1413-6, 1996.[PUBMED Abstract]
Aida H, Takakuwa K, Nagata H, et al.: Clinical features of ovarian cancer in Japanese women with germ-line mutations of BRCA1. Clin Cancer Res 4 (1): 235-40, 1998.[PUBMED Abstract]
Rebbeck TR, Lynch HT, Neuhausen SL, et al.: Prophylactic oophorectomy in carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. N Engl J Med 346 (21): 1616-22, 2002.[PUBMED Abstract]
Klaren HM, van't Veer LJ, van Leeuwen FE, et al.: Potential for bias in studies on efficacy of prophylactic surgery for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 (13): 941-7, 2003.[PUBMED Abstract]
Piver MS, Jishi MF, Tsukada Y, et al.: Primary peritoneal carcinoma after prophylactic oophorectomy in women with a family history of ovarian cancer. A report of the Gilda Radner Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry. Cancer 71 (9): 2751-5, 1993.[PUBMED Abstract]
Goff BA, Mandel L, Muntz HG, et al.: Ovarian carcinoma diagnosis. Cancer 89 (10): 2068-75, 2000.[PUBMED Abstract]
Friedman GD, Skilling JS, Udaltsova NV, et al.: Early symptoms of ovarian cancer: a case-control study without recall bias. Fam Pract 22 (5): 548-53, 2005.[PUBMED Abstract]
Smith LH, Morris CR, Yasmeen S, et al.: Ovarian cancer: can we make the clinical diagnosis earlier? Cancer 104 (7): 1398-407, 2005.[PUBMED Abstract]
Goff BA, Mandel LS, Melancon CH, et al.: Frequency of symptoms of ovarian cancer in women presenting to primary care clinics. JAMA 291 (22): 2705-12, 2004.[PUBMED Abstract]
Goff BA, Mandel LS, Drescher CW, et al.: Development of an ovarian cancer symptom index: possibilities for earlier detection. Cancer 109 (2): 221-7, 2007.[PUBMED Abstract]
Partridge E, Kreimer AR, Greenlee RT, et al.: Results from four rounds of ovarian cancer screening in a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol 113 (4): 775-82, 2009.[PUBMED Abstract]
van Nagell JR, Miller RW, DeSimone CP, et al.: Long-term survival of women with epithelial ovarian cancer detected by ultrasonographic screening. Obstet Gynecol 118 (6): 1212-21, 2011.[PUBMED Abstract]
Burghardt E, Girardi F, Lahousen M, et al.: Patterns of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node involvement in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 40 (2): 103-6, 1991.[PUBMED Abstract]
Berek JS, Knapp RC, Malkasian GD, et al.: CA 125 serum levels correlated with second-look operations among ovarian cancer patients. Obstet Gynecol 67 (5): 685-9, 1986.[PUBMED Abstract]
Atack DB, Nisker JA, Allen HH, et al.: CA 125 surveillance and second-look laparotomy in ovarian carcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 154 (2): 287-9, 1986.[PUBMED Abstract]
Omura GA, Brady MF, Homesley HD, et al.: Long-term follow-up and prognostic factor analysis in advanced ovarian carcinoma: the Gynecologic Oncology Group experience. J Clin Oncol 9 (7): 1138-50, 1991.[PUBMED Abstract]
van Houwelingen JC, ten Bokkel Huinink WW, van der Burg ME, et al.: Predictability of the survival of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 7 (6): 769-73, 1989.[PUBMED Abstract]
Neijt JP, ten Bokkel Huinink WW, van der Burg ME, et al.: Long-term survival in ovarian cancer. Mature data from The Netherlands Joint Study Group for Ovarian Cancer. Eur J Cancer 27 (11): 1367-72, 1991.[PUBMED Abstract]
Hoskins WJ, Bundy BN, Thigpen JT, et al.: The influence of cytoreductive surgery on recurrence-free interval and survival in small-volume stage III epithelial ovarian cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 47 (2): 159-66, 1992.[PUBMED Abstract]
Thigpen T, Brady MF, Omura GA, et al.: Age as a prognostic factor in ovarian carcinoma. The Gynecologic Oncology Group experience. Cancer 71 (2 Suppl): 606-14, 1993.[PUBMED Abstract]
Dembo AJ, Davy M, Stenwig AE, et al.: Prognostic factors in patients with stage I epithelial ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol 75 (2): 263-73, 1990.[PUBMED Abstract]
Ahmed FY, Wiltshaw E, A'Hern RP, et al.: Natural history and prognosis of untreated stage I epithelial ovarian carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 14 (11): 2968-75, 1996.[PUBMED Abstract]
Monga M, Carmichael JA, Shelley WE, et al.: Surgery without adjuvant chemotherapy for early epithelial ovarian carcinoma after comprehensive surgical staging. Gynecol Oncol 43 (3): 195-7, 1991.[PUBMED Abstract]
Kolomainen DF, A'Hern R, Coxon FY, et al.: Can patients with relapsed, previously untreated, stage I epithelial ovarian cancer be successfully treated with salvage therapy? J Clin Oncol 21 (16): 3113-8, 2003.[PUBMED Abstract]
Schueler JA, Cornelisse CJ, Hermans J, et al.: Prognostic factors in well-differentiated early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer 71 (3): 787-95, 1993.[PUBMED Abstract]
Young RC, Walton LA, Ellenberg SS, et al.: Adjuvant therapy in stage I and stage II epithelial ovarian cancer. Results of two prospective randomized trials. N Engl J Med 322 (15): 1021-7, 1990.[PUBMED Abstract]
Gershenson DM, Silva EG, Mitchell MF, et al.: Transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary: a matched control study of advanced-stage patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 168 (4): 1178-85; discussion 1185-7, 1993.[PUBMED Abstract]
Vencken PM, Kriege M, Hoogwerf D, et al.: Chemosensitivity and outcome of BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated ovarian cancer patients after first-line chemotherapy compared with sporadic ovarian cancer patients. Ann Oncol 22 (6): 1346-52, 2011.[PUBMED Abstract]
Safra T, Borgato L, Nicoletto MO, et al.: BRCA mutation status and determinant of outcome in women with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer treated with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. Mol Cancer Ther 10 (10): 2000-7, 2011.[PUBMED Abstract]
Rustin GJ, van der Burg ME, Griffin CL, et al.: Early versus delayed treatment of relapsed ovarian cancer (MRC OV05/EORTC 55955): a randomised trial. Lancet 376 (9747): 1155-63, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
ヨーロッパの2件の大規模試験であるEuropean Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Adjuvant ChemoTherapy in Ovarian Neoplasm(EORTC-ACTION)試験およびInternational Collaborative Ovarian Neoplasm(MRC-ICON1[NCT00002477])試験において、IA期(悪性度II)およびIB期(悪性度III)、すべてのIC期およびII期の上皮性卵巣がん、ならびにすべてのI期およびIIA期の明細胞がんの患者が補助化学療法群または観察群にランダムに割り付けられた。[
4
][
5
][
6
]
MRC-ICON1試験では、6サイクルのカルボプラチン単独またはシスプラチン単独または白金製剤をベースにした化学療法群(通常、シクロホスファミド、ドキソルビシン、およびシスプラチン) vs 観察群に患者がランダムに割り付けられ、登録基準はEORTC-ACTION試験とほぼ同じであった;しかしながら、MRC-ICON1試験では、十分な外科的病期分類が実施されたかどうかはモニタリングの対象とされなかった。[
5
]これらの試験の結果を併合すると、OSの差が統計的有意性に達した。
Young RC, Decker DG, Wharton JT, et al.: Staging laparotomy in early ovarian cancer. JAMA 250 (22): 3072-6, 1983.[PUBMED Abstract]
Fader AN, Java J, Ueda S, et al.: Survival in women with grade 1 serous ovarian carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol 122 (2 Pt 1): 225-32, 2013.[PUBMED Abstract]
Zanetta G, Chiari S, Rota S, et al.: Conservative surgery for stage I ovarian carcinoma in women of childbearing age. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 104 (9): 1030-5, 1997.[PUBMED Abstract]
Trimbos JB, Vergote I, Bolis G, et al.: Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy and surgical staging in early-stage ovarian carcinoma: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Adjuvant ChemoTherapy in Ovarian Neoplasm trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 (2): 113-25, 2003.[PUBMED Abstract]
Colombo N, Guthrie D, Chiari S, et al.: International Collaborative Ovarian Neoplasm trial 1: a randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy in women with early-stage ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 (2): 125-32, 2003.[PUBMED Abstract]
Trimbos JB, Parmar M, Vergote I, et al.: International Collaborative Ovarian Neoplasm trial 1 and Adjuvant ChemoTherapy In Ovarian Neoplasm trial: two parallel randomized phase III trials of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage ovarian carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 (2): 105-12, 2003.[PUBMED Abstract]
Young RC: Early-stage ovarian cancer: to treat or not to treat. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 (2): 94-5, 2003.[PUBMED Abstract]
Bell J, Brady MF, Young RC, et al.: Randomized phase III trial of three versus six cycles of adjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel in early stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 102 (3): 432-9, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract]
Katsumata N, Yasuda M, Takahashi F, et al.: Dose-dense paclitaxel once a week in combination with carboplatin every 3 weeks for advanced ovarian cancer: a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 374 (9698): 1331-8, 2009.[PUBMED Abstract]
Katsumata N, Yasuda M, Isonishi S, et al.: Long-term results of dose-dense paclitaxel and carboplatin versus conventional paclitaxel and carboplatin for treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer (JGOG 3016): a randomised, controlled, open-label trial. Lancet Oncol 14 (10): 1020-6, 2013.[PUBMED Abstract]
Scambia G, Salutari V, Amadio G: Controversy in treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Lancet Oncol 14 (10): 920-1, 2013.[PUBMED Abstract]
Vergote IB, Vergote-De Vos LN, Abeler VM, et al.: Randomized trial comparing cisplatin with radioactive phosphorus or whole-abdomen irradiation as adjuvant treatment of ovarian cancer. Cancer 69 (3): 741-9, 1992.[PUBMED Abstract]
Piver MS, Lele SB, Bakshi S, et al.: Five and ten year estimated survival and disease-free rates after intraperitoneal chromic phosphate; stage I ovarian adenocarcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 11 (5): 515-9, 1988.[PUBMED Abstract]
Bolis G, Colombo N, Pecorelli S, et al.: Adjuvant treatment for early epithelial ovarian cancer: results of two randomised clinical trials comparing cisplatin to no further treatment or chromic phosphate (32P). G.I.C.O.G.: Gruppo Interregionale Collaborativo in Ginecologia Oncologica. Ann Oncol 6 (9): 887-93, 1995.[PUBMED Abstract]
Piver MS, Malfetano J, Baker TR, et al.: Five-year survival for stage IC or stage I grade 3 epithelial ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Gynecol Oncol 46 (3): 357-60, 1992.[PUBMED Abstract]
McGuire WP: Early ovarian cancer: treat now, later or never? Ann Oncol 6 (9): 865-6, 1995.[PUBMED Abstract]
AUC = 曲線下面積;EORTC = European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer;Est = 推定;GOG = Gynecologic Oncology Group;ICON = International Collaboration on Ovarian Neoplasms;JGOG = Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group;MITO = Multicentre Italian Trials in Ovarian cancer;MRC = Medical Research Council;No. = 数;NR = 報告なし。
IP vs IVのすべてのランダム化試験を対象としたコクラン後援のメタアナリシスによると、HRは無病生存で0.79、OSで0.79であり、IP群が優れていることが示された。[
37
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Cancer Care of Ontarioが実施したIP vs 全身化学療法を評価する7件のランダム化試験を対象とした別のメタアナリシスによると、IP投与経路で、5年での疾患増悪の相対比(RR)は、このエンドポイントを報告した3件の試験に基づき0.91(95%CI、0.85-0.98)で、5年での死亡のRRは、このエンドポイントを報告した6件の試験に基づき0.88(95%CI、0.81-0.95)であった。[
38
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1998年から2006年に、European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer(EORTC)のGynecological Cancer GroupがNational Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Groupと共同で実施した研究(EORTC-55971[NCT00003636])では、IIIC期およびIV期の上皮性卵巣がん、FTC、およびPPCの女性670人が含まれていた。[
44
][証拠レベル:1iiA]これらの女性が初回減量手術の後に白金製剤ベースの化学療法を6コース以上実施する群、または白金製剤ベースの術前補助化学療法を3コース実施した後にインターバル減量手術と合わせて、白金製剤ベースの化学療法を3コース以上実施する群にランダムに割り付けられた。
HIPEC実施経験を有する施設では、2つのグループでの有害事象は同等であった。HIPEC群の患者では、イレウス(3% vs 8%)、発熱(8% vs 12%)、血栓塞栓性事象(2% vs 6%)の発生率が高かったが、このグループでは手術群の患者と比べて、電解質の変化(5% vs 6%)および神経障害(27% vs 31%)の差が小さく、両患者群でIV化学療法が追加された。チオ硫酸ナトリウムの使用は、発表された第I相試験におけるHIPECの一部として投与されたシスプラチンに関するこの良好な安全性プロファイルを最もよく説明している。[
50
]HIPECは、HIPEC実施経験を有する外科チームに患者がアクセスできる場合に、術前補助療法を受ける患者に対する選択肢として検討すべきである。
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Omura GA, Brady MF, Homesley HD, et al.: Long-term follow-up and prognostic factor analysis in advanced ovarian carcinoma: the Gynecologic Oncology Group experience. J Clin Oncol 9 (7): 1138-50, 1991.[PUBMED Abstract]
Armstrong DK, Bundy B, Wenzel L, et al.: Intraperitoneal cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 354 (1): 34-43, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract]
Markman M, Reichman B, Hakes T, et al.: Impact on survival of surgically defined favorable responses to salvage intraperitoneal chemotherapy in small-volume residual ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 10 (9): 1479-84, 1992.[PUBMED Abstract]
Levin L, Simon R, Hryniuk W: Importance of multiagent chemotherapy regimens in ovarian carcinoma: dose intensity analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 85 (21): 1732-42, 1993.[PUBMED Abstract]
McGuire WP, Hoskins WJ, Brady MF, et al.: Assessment of dose-intensive therapy in suboptimally debulked ovarian cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 13 (7): 1589-99, 1995.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Alberts DS, Green S, Hannigan EV, et al.: Improved therapeutic index of carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide versus cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide: final report by the Southwest Oncology Group of a phase III randomized trial in stages III and IV ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 10 (5): 706-17, 1992.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Katsumata N, Yasuda M, Isonishi S, et al.: Long-term results of dose-dense paclitaxel and carboplatin versus conventional paclitaxel and carboplatin for treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer (JGOG 3016): a randomised, controlled, open-label trial. Lancet Oncol 14 (10): 1020-6, 2013.[PUBMED Abstract]
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McGuire WP, Hoskins WJ, Brady MF, et al.: Cyclophosphamide and cisplatin compared with paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with stage III and stage IV ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 334 (1): 1-6, 1996.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Markman M, Bundy BN, Alberts DS, et al.: Phase III trial of standard-dose intravenous cisplatin plus paclitaxel versus moderately high-dose carboplatin followed by intravenous paclitaxel and intraperitoneal cisplatin in small-volume stage III ovarian carcinoma: an intergroup study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group, Southwestern Oncology Group, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 19 (4): 1001-7, 2001.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Perren TJ, Swart AM, Pfisterer J, et al.: A phase 3 trial of bevacizumab in ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 365 (26): 2484-96, 2011.[PUBMED Abstract]
Bryant HE, Schultz N, Thomas HD, et al.: Specific killing of BRCA2-deficient tumours with inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Nature 434 (7035): 913-7, 2005.[PUBMED Abstract]
Farmer H, McCabe N, Lord CJ, et al.: Targeting the DNA repair defect in BRCA mutant cells as a therapeutic strategy. Nature 434 (7035): 917-21, 2005.[PUBMED Abstract]
Moore K, Colombo N, Scambia G, et al.: Maintenance Olaparib in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Advanced Ovarian Cancer. N Engl J Med 379 (26): 2495-2505, 2018.[PUBMED Abstract]
Vergote I, Tropé CG, Amant F, et al.: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or primary surgery in stage IIIC or IV ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 363 (10): 943-53, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Kehoe S, Hook J, Nankivell M, et al.: Primary chemotherapy versus primary surgery for newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer (CHORUS): an open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 386 (9990): 249-57, 2015.[PUBMED Abstract]
Wright AA, Bohlke K, Armstrong DK, et al.: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for newly diagnosed, advanced ovarian cancer: Society of Gynecologic Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline. Gynecol Oncol 143 (1): 3-15, 2016.[PUBMED Abstract]
Koopman M, Antonini NF, Douma J, et al.: Sequential versus combination chemotherapy with capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer (CAIRO): a phase III randomised controlled trial. Lancet 370 (9582): 135-42, 2007.[PUBMED Abstract]
van Driel WJ, Koole SN, Sikorska K, et al.: Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer. N Engl J Med 378 (3): 230-240, 2018.[PUBMED Abstract]
Howell SB, Kirmani S, Lucas WE, et al.: A phase II trial of intraperitoneal cisplatin and etoposide for primary treatment of ovarian epithelial cancer. J Clin Oncol 8 (1): 137-45, 1990.[PUBMED Abstract]
Zivanovic O, Abramian A, Kullmann M, et al.: HIPEC ROC I: a phase I study of cisplatin administered as hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemoperfusion followed by postoperative intravenous platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 136 (3): 699-708, 2015.[PUBMED Abstract]
Piccart MJ, Bertelsen K, James K, et al.: Randomized intergroup trial of cisplatin-paclitaxel versus cisplatin-cyclophosphamide in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: three-year results. J Natl Cancer Inst 92 (9): 699-708, 2000.[PUBMED Abstract]
Verheijen RH, Massuger LF, Benigno BB, et al.: Phase III trial of intraperitoneal therapy with yttrium-90-labeled HMFG1 murine monoclonal antibody in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer after a surgically defined complete remission. J Clin Oncol 24 (4): 571-8, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract]
Pfisterer J, Weber B, Reuss A, et al.: Randomized phase III trial of topotecan following carboplatin and paclitaxel in first-line treatment of advanced ovarian cancer: a gynecologic cancer intergroup trial of the AGO-OVAR and GINECO. J Natl Cancer Inst 98 (15): 1036-45, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract]
Berek JS, Taylor PT, Gordon A, et al.: Randomized, placebo-controlled study of oregovomab for consolidation of clinical remission in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 22 (17): 3507-16, 2004.[PUBMED Abstract]
Stadtmauer EA, O'Neill A, Goldstein LJ, et al.: Phase III randomized trial of high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and stem cell support (SCT) shows no difference in overall survival or severe toxicity compared to maintenance chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorourcil (CMF) for women with metastatic breast cancer who are responding to conventional induction chemotherapy: the 'Philadelphia' Intergroup study (PBT-1). [Abstract] Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 18: A1, 1a, 1999.[PUBMED Abstract]
Markman M, Liu PY, Wilczynski S, et al.: Phase III randomized trial of 12 versus 3 months of maintenance paclitaxel in patients with advanced ovarian cancer after complete response to platinum and paclitaxel-based chemotherapy: a Southwest Oncology Group and Gynecologic Oncology Group trial. J Clin Oncol 21 (13): 2460-5, 2003.[PUBMED Abstract]
Pecorelli S, Favalli G, Gadducci A, et al.: Phase III trial of observation versus six courses of paclitaxel in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer in complete response after six courses of paclitaxel/platinum-based chemotherapy: final results of the After-6 protocol 1. J Clin Oncol 27 (28): 4642-8, 2009.[PUBMED Abstract]
Vergote IB, Jimeno A, Joly F, et al.: Randomized phase III study of erlotinib versus observation in patients with no evidence of disease progression after first-line platin-based chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma: a European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Gynaecological Cancer Group, and Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup study. J Clin Oncol 32 (4): 320-6, 2014.[PUBMED Abstract]
Liu PY, Alberts DS, Monk BJ, et al.: An early signal of CA-125 progression for ovarian cancer patients receiving maintenance treatment after complete clinical response to primary therapy. J Clin Oncol 25 (24): 3615-20, 2007.[PUBMED Abstract]
英国医学研究審議会(MRC)による試験(MRC-OV05)およびEuropean Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancerでは、CA-125値の上昇に対する早期治療開始 vs 臨床症状が現れるまで治療延期の転帰が検討された。[
2
]白金製剤ベースの化学療法後に臨床的完全寛解に達した患者が登録され、CA125値および臨床訪問のみで追跡された。CA125の正常範囲の2倍を超える上昇が検出された時点で、結果の開示と再発に対する早期治療群 vs 盲検維持と臨床的な再燃を示す徴候および症状の発現時点での治療群に患者がランダムに割り付けられた。ランダムに割り付ける患者数が500人を超えると、2年で早期治療開始群に優れた生存転帰が得られる予定であった;このためには1,400人の登録が必要で、1996年5月から2005年8月まで集積が行われた。
Ovarian Cancer Study Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Chemotherapy and Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Platinum-Sensitive Recurrent Diseases(OCEANS[NCT00434642])では、白金製剤感受性の再発の治療におけるベバシズマブの役割が評価された(この設定における他の試験については表8を参照のこと)。この上皮性卵巣がん、FTC、またはPPCの再発に対するベバシズマブの併用または非併用の化学療法(ゲムシタビン + カルボプラチン)の二重盲検プラセボ対照第III相試験では、242人の患者が各治療群にランダムに割り付けられた。第一選択治療の研究とは対照的に、奏効が得られている患者には6サイクルを超えて10サイクルまでの治療継続が可能であったが、維持療法は設けられていなかった。[
18
]
証拠(ベバシズマブとパクリタキセル-カルボプラチン化学療法の併用):
National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project(NSABP)、Radiation Therapy Oncology Group(RTOG)、およびGOGのNRG Oncology Group、またはNational Clinical Trials Network(NCTN)グループによる取り組みを併合した研究(GOG-0213[NCT00565851])により、白金製剤感受性卵巣がんの再発女性における減量手術と、ベバシズマブ導入療法および維持療法追加との両方の役割が評価された。[
11
][証拠レベル:1iiA]GOG-0213の手術以外の群では、0.75の真のハザード比(HR)に対する検出力は81%であった;2007年12月から2011年8月までに674人の女性が登録し、追跡期間中央値が4年を超えた後に解析が発表された。
二重盲検ランダム化プラセボ対照第III相試験のSOLO2(NCT01874353)において、高悪性度の漿液性または類内膜、原発性腹膜、あるいは卵管がん患者を対象にオラパリブ錠(以前のカプセル製剤とは異なる)が評価された。患者は白金製剤感受性の再燃を来しており、BRCA 1/2変異について前もって選択されていた。[
23
][証拠レベル:1iiDiii]以前の白金製剤に対する反応(完全奏効 vs 部分奏効)および白金製剤不使用期間(6ヵ月超~12ヵ月 vs 12ヵ月超)による層別化と150mg錠、1日2回のオラパリブまたは対応するプラセボ錠に2:1の割合でランダムな割り付けが実施された。登録された適格患者295人中、196人がオラパリブに割り付けられ、99人がプラセボに割り付けられた。
その後の評価で、rucaparibは1件のランダム化二重盲検プラセボ対照第III相試験(ARIEL 3[NCT01968213])において、白金製剤治療への反応後の維持療法として査定された。[
26
]適格となるために、患者は高悪性度がんを有し、以前に少なくとも2つの白金製剤を含むレジメンで治療され、最後の白金製剤を含むレジメンに対して完全奏効または部分奏効を達成していることとされた。2014年4月から2016年7月に2:1の比率で治療割り付けが行われ、375人の患者がrucaparibを受け、189人の患者がプラセボを受けた。研究者が判定したPFSが主要エンドポイントであり、以下の3つの判定されたネステッド治療コホートに対してステップダウン法が用いられた:プラセボ群と比較してrucaparib群において治療により発生したグレード3以上の有害事象は、主に貧血(19% vs 1%)とアラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼまたはアスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ高値(10% vs 0%)であった。
ニラパリブ投与群の患者では、プラセボ群と比較してPFS期間中央値が有意に長かった。[
27
][証拠レベル:1iiDiii]カテゴリー間の比較は、gBRCAがんについてHR、0.27(21.0ヵ月 vs 5.5ヵ月)、BRCA以外の相同組換え欠損陽性のがんについてHR、0.38(12.9ヵ月 vs 3.8ヵ月)、およびBRCA以外の相同組換え欠損陰性のがんについてHR、0.45(9.3ヵ月 vs 3.9ヵ月)の範囲に及んだ。
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Muggia FM: Overview of carboplatin: replacing, complementing, and extending the therapeutic horizons of cisplatin. Semin Oncol 16 (2 Suppl 5): 7-13, 1989.[PUBMED Abstract]
Piccart MJ, Green JA, Lacave AJ, et al.: Oxaliplatin or paclitaxel in patients with platinum-pretreated advanced ovarian cancer: A randomized phase II study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gynecology Group. J Clin Oncol 18 (6): 1193-202, 2000.[PUBMED Abstract]
Markman M, Markman J, Webster K, et al.: Duration of response to second-line, platinum-based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer: implications for patient management and clinical trial design. J Clin Oncol 22 (15): 3120-5, 2004.[PUBMED Abstract]
Gordon AN, Tonda M, Sun S, et al.: Long-term survival advantage for women treated with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin compared with topotecan in a phase 3 randomized study of recurrent and refractory epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 95 (1): 1-8, 2004.[PUBMED Abstract]
Raja FA, Counsell N, Colombo N, et al.: Platinum versus platinum-combination chemotherapy in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis using individual patient data. Ann Oncol 24 (12): 3028-34, 2013.[PUBMED Abstract]
Pujade-Lauraine E, Wagner U, Aavall-Lundqvist E, et al.: Pegylated liposomal Doxorubicin and Carboplatin compared with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin for patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer in late relapse. J Clin Oncol 28 (20): 3323-9, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Aghajanian C, Blank SV, Goff BA, et al.: OCEANS: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer. J Clin Oncol 30 (17): 2039-45, 2012.[PUBMED Abstract]
Bryant HE, Schultz N, Thomas HD, et al.: Specific killing of BRCA2-deficient tumours with inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Nature 434 (7035): 913-7, 2005.[PUBMED Abstract]
Farmer H, McCabe N, Lord CJ, et al.: Targeting the DNA repair defect in BRCA mutant cells as a therapeutic strategy. Nature 434 (7035): 917-21, 2005.[PUBMED Abstract]
Ledermann J, Harter P, Gourley C, et al.: Olaparib maintenance therapy in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 366 (15): 1382-92, 2012.[PUBMED Abstract]
Ledermann J, Harter P, Gourley C, et al.: Olaparib maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed serous ovarian cancer: a preplanned retrospective analysis of outcomes by BRCA status in a randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 15 (8): 852-61, 2014.[PUBMED Abstract]
Pujade-Lauraine E, Ledermann JA, Selle F, et al.: Olaparib tablets as maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed ovarian cancer and a BRCA1/2 mutation (SOLO2/ENGOT-Ov21): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 18 (9): 1274-1284, 2017.[PUBMED Abstract]
Friedlander M, Gebski V, Gibbs E, et al.: Health-related quality of life and patient-centred outcomes with olaparib maintenance after chemotherapy in patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed ovarian cancer and a BRCA1/2 mutation (SOLO2/ENGOT Ov-21): a placebo-controlled, phase 3 randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 19 (8): 1126-1134, 2018.[PUBMED Abstract]
Swisher EM, Lin KK, Oza AM, et al.: Rucaparib in relapsed, platinum-sensitive high-grade ovarian carcinoma (ARIEL2 Part 1): an international, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 18 (1): 75-87, 2017.[PUBMED Abstract]
Coleman RL, Oza AM, Lorusso D, et al.: Rucaparib maintenance treatment for recurrent ovarian carcinoma after response to platinum therapy (ARIEL3): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 390 (10106): 1949-1961, 2017.[PUBMED Abstract]
Mirza MR, Monk BJ, Herrstedt J, et al.: Niraparib Maintenance Therapy in Platinum-Sensitive, Recurrent Ovarian Cancer. N Engl J Med 375 (22): 2154-2164, 2016.[PUBMED Abstract]
Kaufman B, Shapira-Frommer R, Schmutzler RK, et al.: Olaparib monotherapy in patients with advanced cancer and a germline BRCA1/2 mutation. J Clin Oncol 33 (3): 244-50, 2015.[PUBMED Abstract]
Liu JF, Barry WT, Birrer M, et al.: Combination cediranib and olaparib versus olaparib alone for women with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer: a randomised phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 15 (11): 1207-14, 2014.[PUBMED Abstract]
Oza AM, Cibula D, Benzaquen AO, et al.: Olaparib combined with chemotherapy for recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer: a randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 16 (1): 87-97, 2015.[PUBMED Abstract]
Kohn EC, Sarosy G, Bicher A, et al.: Dose-intense taxol: high response rate in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 86 (1): 18-24, 1994.[PUBMED Abstract]
McGuire WP, Rowinsky EK, Rosenshein NB, et al.: Taxol: a unique antineoplastic agent with significant activity in advanced ovarian epithelial neoplasms. Ann Intern Med 111 (4): 273-9, 1989.[PUBMED Abstract]
Einzig AI, Wiernik PH, Sasloff J, et al.: Phase II study and long-term follow-up of patients treated with taxol for advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 10 (11): 1748-53, 1992.[PUBMED Abstract]
Thigpen JT, Blessing JA, Ball H, et al.: Phase II trial of paclitaxel in patients with progressive ovarian carcinoma after platinum-based chemotherapy: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 12 (9): 1748-53, 1994.[PUBMED Abstract]
Trimble EL, Adams JD, Vena D, et al.: Paclitaxel for platinum-refractory ovarian cancer: results from the first 1,000 patients registered to National Cancer Institute Treatment Referral Center 9103. J Clin Oncol 11 (12): 2405-10, 1993.[PUBMED Abstract]
ten Bokkel Huinink W, Gore M, Carmichael J, et al.: Topotecan versus paclitaxel for the treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 15 (6): 2183-93, 1997.[PUBMED Abstract]
Gordon AN, Fleagle JT, Guthrie D, et al.: Recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a randomized phase III study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus topotecan. J Clin Oncol 19 (14): 3312-22, 2001.[PUBMED Abstract]
Kudelka AP, Tresukosol D, Edwards CL, et al.: Phase II study of intravenous topotecan as a 5-day infusion for refractory epithelial ovarian carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 14 (5): 1552-7, 1996.[PUBMED Abstract]
Creemers GJ, Bolis G, Gore M, et al.: Topotecan, an active drug in the second-line treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer: results of a large European phase II study. J Clin Oncol 14 (12): 3056-61, 1996.[PUBMED Abstract]
Bookman MA, Malmström H, Bolis G, et al.: Topotecan for the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: an open-label phase II study in patients treated after prior chemotherapy that contained cisplatin or carboplatin and paclitaxel. J Clin Oncol 16 (10): 3345-52, 1998.[PUBMED Abstract]
McGonigle KF, Muntz HG, Vuky J, et al.: Combined weekly topotecan and biweekly bevacizumab in women with platinum-resistant ovarian, peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer: results of a phase 2 study. Cancer 117 (16): 3731-40, 2011.[PUBMED Abstract]
Muggia FM, Hainsworth JD, Jeffers S, et al.: Phase II study of liposomal doxorubicin in refractory ovarian cancer: antitumor activity and toxicity modification by liposomal encapsulation. J Clin Oncol 15 (3): 987-93, 1997.[PUBMED Abstract]
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PDQは登録商標である。PDQ文書の内容は本文として自由に使用できるが、完全な形で記し定期的に更新しなければ、NCI PDQがん情報要約とすることはできない。しかし、著者は“NCI's PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks succinctly: 【本要約からの抜粋を含める】.”のような一文を記述してもよい。
本PDQ要約の好ましい引用は以下の通りである:
PDQ® Adult Treatment Editorial Board.PDQ Ovarian Epithelial, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer Treatment.Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute.Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>.Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/hp/ovarian-epithelial-treatment-pdq.Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>.[PMID: 26389443]
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免責条項
入手可能な証拠の強さに基づき、治療選択肢は「標準」または「臨床評価段階にある」のいずれかで記載される場合がある。これらの分類は、保険払い戻しの決定基準として使用されるべきものではない。保険の適用範囲に関する詳しい情報については、Cancer.govのManaging Cancer Careページで入手できる。
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