本要約は編集作業において米国国立がん研究所(NCI)とは独立したPDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Boardにより定期的に見直され、随時更新される。本要約は独自の文献レビューを反映しており、NCIまたは米国国立衛生研究所(NIH)の方針声明を示すものではない。
うつ病および不安障害は、緩和ケアを受けている患者では一般的であり、これらの患者における生活の質の大幅な低下の一因となる。[
21
]Canadian National Palliative Care Surveyでは、がんに対する緩和ケアを受けている患者(N = 381)におけるうつ病性障害と不安障害、およびこれらの障害の生活の質への影響が評価された。第一の評価ツールは、Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disordersを改変したものであった。有意な数の参加者(24.4%;95%信頼区間、20.2-29.0)が少なくとも1つのうつ病性障害または不安障害に対する診断基準を満たすこと(うつ病性障害については20.7%の有病率、不安障害については13.1%の有病率)が明らかにされた。
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Cancer chemotherapy. Med Lett Drugs Ther 29 (736): 29-36, 1987.[PUBMED Abstract]
Drugs of choice for cancer chemotherapy. Med Lett Drugs Ther 33 (840): 21-8, 1991.[PUBMED Abstract]
Drugs that cause psychiatric symptoms. Med Lett Drugs Ther 31 (808): 113-8, 1989.[PUBMED Abstract]
Capuron L, Ravaud A, Neveu PJ, et al.: Association between decreased serum tryptophan concentrations and depressive symptoms in cancer patients undergoing cytokine therapy. Mol Psychiatry 7 (5): 468-73, 2002.[PUBMED Abstract]
Menzies H, Chochinov HM, Breitbart W: Cytokines, cancer and depression: connecting the dots. J Support Oncol 3 (1): 55-7, 2005 Jan-Feb.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Grov EK, Dahl AA, Moum T, et al.: Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in caregivers of patients with cancer in late palliative phase. Ann Oncol 16 (7): 1185-91, 2005.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Massie MJ, Holland JC: The cancer patient with pain: psychiatric complications and their management. Med Clin North Am 71 (2): 243-58, 1987.[PUBMED Abstract]
Lynch ME: The assessment and prevalence of affective disorders in advanced cancer. J Palliat Care 11 (1): 10-8, 1995 Spring.[PUBMED Abstract]
Wilson KG, Chochinov HM, Skirko MG, et al.: Depression and anxiety disorders in palliative cancer care. J Pain Symptom Manage 33 (2): 118-29, 2007.[PUBMED Abstract]
Chochinov HM, Kristjanson LJ, Hack TF, et al.: Burden to others and the terminally ill. J Pain Symptom Manage 34 (5): 463-71, 2007.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Meyer TJ, Mark MM: Effects of psychosocial interventions with adult cancer patients: a meta-analysis of randomized experiments. Health Psychol 14 (2): 101-8, 1995.[PUBMED Abstract]
Dy SM, Lorenz KA, Naeim A, et al.: Evidence-based recommendations for cancer fatigue, anorexia, depression, and dyspnea. J Clin Oncol 26 (23): 3886-95, 2008.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Green AI, Austin CP: Psychopathology of pancreatic cancer. A psychobiologic probe. Psychosomatics 34 (3): 208-21, 1993 May-Jun.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Capuron L, Ravaud A, Gualde N, et al.: Association between immune activation and early depressive symptoms in cancer patients treated with interleukin-2-based therapy. Psychoneuroendocrinology 26 (8): 797-808, 2001.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Burgess CC, Ramirez AJ, Richards MA, et al.: Does the method of detection of breast cancer affect subsequent psychiatric morbidity? Eur J Cancer 38 (12): 1622-5, 2002.[PUBMED Abstract]
器質性気分障害または他の医学的疾患による気分症候群(MSRAMC)(「Mood Syndromes Related to Another Medical Condition」)が、DSM第5版(DSM-5)[
32
]中で言及されているが、症状の点でしばしば気分症候群に似ている。(おそらく時間的経過か検査データに基づいて)器質的または身体疾患の因子がこの症候群の病因に寄与していると仮定される。DSM-5によれば、著しい認知異常が、この症候群に伴って起こる要素であり、したがって診断を下す際に有用である。検査データを入手して電解質または内分泌のアンバランスあるいは栄養欠乏が認められるかを検出するのに役立てることも考慮すべきである。臨床的経験によれば、内科的要因で引き起こされたうつ病の治療において、特に原因となる薬物(すなわち、ステロイド、抗生物質など)の減量や中止ができない場合に、薬物療法が心理療法単独に比べて優れていることが示唆される。[
33
]
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De Leeuw JR, De Graeff A, Ros WJ, et al.: Negative and positive influences of social support on depression in patients with head and neck cancer: a prospective study. Psychooncology 9 (1): 20-8, 2000 Jan-Feb.[PUBMED Abstract]
Capuron L, Ravaud A, Neveu PJ, et al.: Association between decreased serum tryptophan concentrations and depressive symptoms in cancer patients undergoing cytokine therapy. Mol Psychiatry 7 (5): 468-73, 2002.[PUBMED Abstract]
de Leeuw JR, de Graeff A, Ros WJ, et al.: Prediction of depression 6 months to 3 years after treatment of head and neck cancer. Head Neck 23 (10): 892-8, 2001.[PUBMED Abstract]
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小児患者において最初の枠付き警告につながったメタアナリシスでは、抗うつ薬は、プラセボと比較して小児および青年における自殺念慮および自殺行動の2倍の増加と関連すると結論付けられた。[
26
]Journal of the American Medical Associationにおいて発表された主要なメタアナリシスでは、小児と青年の研究(最初のメタアナリシスに含まれなかった7件の研究を含む)からのデータが、変量効果モデルを用いて再解析された。[
27
][証拠レベル:I]この再解析では最初のメタアナリシスと一致して自殺念慮/自殺行動の全体的なリスク増加が認められたが、併合リスク差はより小さく、統計的に有意なものではなかった。
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Cain EN, Kohorn EI, Quinlan DM, et al.: Psychosocial benefits of a cancer support group. Cancer 57 (1): 183-9, 1986.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Spiegel D, Glafkides MC: Effects of group confrontation with death and dying. Int J Group Psychother 33 (4): 433-47, 1983.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Spoletini I, Gianni W, Caltagirone C, et al.: Suicide and cancer: where do we go from here? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 78 (3): 206-19, 2011.[PUBMED Abstract]
K Hughes M: Suicide Screening in the Oncology Population. J Adv Pract Oncol 7 (1): 101-104, 2016 Jan-Feb.[PUBMED Abstract]
Morriss R, Kapur N, Byng R: Assessing risk of suicide or self harm in adults. BMJ 347: f4572, 2013.[PUBMED Abstract]
Abbey JG, Rosenfeld B, Pessin H, et al.: Hopelessness at the end of life: the utility of the hopelessness scale with terminally ill cancer patients. Br J Health Psychol 11 (Pt 2): 173-83, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract]
Bolton JM, Gunnell D, Turecki G: Suicide risk assessment and intervention in people with mental illness. BMJ 351: h4978, 2015.[PUBMED Abstract]
Fang CK, Chang MC, Chen PJ, et al.: A correlational study of suicidal ideation with psychological distress, depression, and demoralization in patients with cancer. Support Care Cancer 22 (12): 3165-74, 2014.[PUBMED Abstract]
Cooke L, Gotto J, Mayorga L, et al.: What do I say? Suicide assessment and management. Clin J Oncol Nurs 17 (1): E1-7, 2013.[PUBMED Abstract]
Clarke DM, Kissane DW: Demoralization: its phenomenology and importance. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 36 (6): 733-42, 2002.[PUBMED Abstract]
Kissane DW, Wein S, Love A, et al.: The Demoralization Scale: a report of its development and preliminary validation. J Palliat Care 20 (4): 269-76, 2004.[PUBMED Abstract]
Lee CY, Fang CK, Yang YC, et al.: Demoralization syndrome among cancer outpatients in Taiwan. Support Care Cancer 20 (10): 2259-67, 2012.[PUBMED Abstract]
Anguiano L, Mayer DK, Piven ML, et al.: A literature review of suicide in cancer patients. Cancer Nurs 35 (4): E14-26, 2012 Jul-Aug.[PUBMED Abstract]
Filiberti A, Ripamonti C, Totis A, et al.: Characteristics of terminal cancer patients who committed suicide during a home palliative care program. J Pain Symptom Manage 22 (1): 544-53, 2001.[PUBMED Abstract]
Nissim R, Gagliese L, Rodin G: The desire for hastened death in individuals with advanced cancer: a longitudinal qualitative study. Soc Sci Med 69 (2): 165-71, 2009.[PUBMED Abstract]
Breitbart W, Passik SD: Psychiatric aspects of palliative care. In: Doyle D, Hanks GW, MacDonald N, eds.: Oxford Text Book of Palliative Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, pp 609-26.[PUBMED Abstract]
Roth AJ, Holland JC: Psychiatric complications in cancer patients. In: Brain MC, Carbone PP, eds.: Current Therapy in Hematology-Oncology. 5th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book, Inc., 1995, pp 609-18.[PUBMED Abstract]
小児のうつ病に対する考慮事項
健康な小児におけるうつ病発生率の情報は限られている。1件の研究では、全科診療で診察された小児の38%が精神科医による重大な介入を必要とする問題を抱えていることが示された。別の研究では、7~12歳までの小児についてのうつ病の発生率は1.9%であった。これを全米の一般集団に当てはめると、これらの結果は12歳の小児のうち40,000人がうつ病であることを示している。教師は自分たちの生徒の10~15%がうつ病であると推定している。児童精神衛生合同委員会(The Joint Commission on Mental Health of Children)によれば、18歳未満の小児140万人がうつ病などの障害のために緊急の援助を必要としている;障害に対する援助を受けているのはその3分の1に過ぎない。[
1
]
Deuber CM: Depression in the school-aged child: implications for primary care. Nurse Pract 7 (8): 26-30, 68, 1982.[PUBMED Abstract]
Kazak AE: Psychological issues in childhood cancer survivors. J Assoc Pediatr Oncol Nurses 6 (1): 15-6, 1989.[PUBMED Abstract]
O'Malley JE, Koocher G, Foster D, et al.: Psychiatric sequelae of surviving childhood cancer. Am J Orthopsychiatry 49 (4): 608-16, 1979.[PUBMED Abstract]
Kaplan SL, Busner J, Weinhold C, et al.: Depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with cancer: a longitudinal study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 26 (5): 782-7, 1987.[PUBMED Abstract]
Fritz GK, Williams JR, Amylon M: After treatment ends: psychosocial sequelae in pediatric cancer survivors. Am J Orthopsychiatry 58 (4): 552-61, 1988.[PUBMED Abstract]
Greenberg HS, Kazak AE, Meadows AT: Psychologic functioning in 8- to 16-year-old cancer survivors and their parents. J Pediatr 114 (3): 488-93, 1989.[PUBMED Abstract]
Rait DS, Jacobsen PB, Lederberg MS, et al.: Characteristics of psychiatric consultations in a pediatric cancer center. Am J Psychiatry 145 (3): 363-4, 1988.[PUBMED Abstract]
Tebbi CK, Bromberg C, Mallon JC: Self-reported depression in adolescent cancer patients. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 10 (3): 185-90, 1988 Fall.[PUBMED Abstract]
Kashani J, Hakami N: Depression in children and adolescents with malignancy. Can J Psychiatry 27 (6): 474-7, 1982.[PUBMED Abstract]
Archenbach TM, ed.: Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile. Burlington, Vt: T.M. Achenbach, 1983.[PUBMED Abstract]
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR. 4th rev. ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.[PUBMED Abstract]
Malmquist CP: Major depression in childhood: why don't we know more? Am J Orthopsychiatry 53 (2): 262-8, 1983.[PUBMED Abstract]
Pfefferbaum-Levine B, Kumor K, Cangir A, et al.: Tricyclic antidepressants for children with cancer. Am J Psychiatry 140 (8): 1074-6, 1983.[PUBMED Abstract]
Coffey BJ: Review and update: benzodiazepines in childhood and adolescence. Psychiatr Ann 23 (6): 332-9, 1993.[PUBMED Abstract]
Maisami M, Sohmer BH, Coyle JT: Combined use of tricyclic antidepressants and neuroleptics in the management of terminally ill children: a report on three cases. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 24 (4): 487-9, 1985.[PUBMED Abstract]
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