本要約は編集作業において米国国立がん研究所(NCI)とは独立したPDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Boardにより定期的に見直され、随時更新される。本要約は独自の文献レビューを反映しており、NCIまたは米国国立衛生研究所(NIH)の方針声明を示すものではない。
表1.がん治療による口腔合併症の有病率:Oral Care Study Group Systematic Reviews、MASCC/ISOO
合併症
引用文献
加重有病率
CT = 化学療法;EORTC QLQ-C30 = European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30;HNC = 頭頸部がん;IMRT = 強度変調放射線療法;MASCC/ISOO = Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology;RT = 放射線療法;VAS = 視覚的アナログ尺度。
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Lalla RV, Brennan MT, Schubert MM: Oral complications of cancer therapy. In: Yagiela JA, Dowd FJ, Johnson BS, et al., eds.: Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry. 6th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier, 2011, pp 782-98.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Raber-Durlacher JE, Epstein JB, Raber J, et al.: Periodontal infection in cancer patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 10 (6): 466-73, 2002.[PUBMED Abstract]
Myers RA, Marx RE: Use of hyperbaric oxygen in postradiation head and neck surgery. NCI Monogr (9): 151-7, 1990.[PUBMED Abstract]
Sonis ST, Woods PD, White BA: Oral complications of cancer therapies. Pretreatment oral assessment. NCI Monogr (9): 29-32, 1990.[PUBMED Abstract]
Epstein JB: Infection prevention in bone marrow transplantation and radiation patients. NCI Monogr (9): 73-85, 1990.[PUBMED Abstract]
Hong CH, Napeñas JJ, Hodgson BD, et al.: A systematic review of dental disease in patients undergoing cancer therapy. Support Care Cancer 18 (8): 1007-21, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Lalla RV, Brennan MT, Schubert MM: Oral complications of cancer therapy. In: Yagiela JA, Dowd FJ, Johnson BS, et al., eds.: Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry. 6th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier, 2011, pp 782-98.[PUBMED Abstract]
Schubert MM, Peterson DE: Oral complications of hematopoietic cell transplantation. In: Appelbaum FR, Forman SJ, Negrin RS, et al., eds.: Thomas' Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Stem Cell Transplantation. 4th ed. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, pp 1589-1607.[PUBMED Abstract]
Williford SK, Salisbury PL 3rd, Peacock JE Jr, et al.: The safety of dental extractions in patients with hematologic malignancies. J Clin Oncol 7 (6): 798-802, 1989.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Jensen SB, Pedersen AM, Vissink A, et al.: A systematic review of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies: prevalence, severity and impact on quality of life. Support Care Cancer 18 (8): 1039-60, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Sonis ST: Mucositis as a biological process: a new hypothesis for the development of chemotherapy-induced stomatotoxicity. Oral Oncol 34 (1): 39-43, 1998.[PUBMED Abstract]
Lalla RV, Brennan MT, Schubert MM: Oral complications of cancer therapy. In: Yagiela JA, Dowd FJ, Johnson BS, et al., eds.: Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry. 6th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier, 2011, pp 782-98.[PUBMED Abstract]
Sonis ST, Elting LS, Keefe D, et al.: Perspectives on cancer therapy-induced mucosal injury: pathogenesis, measurement, epidemiology, and consequences for patients. Cancer 100 (9 Suppl): 1995-2025, 2004.[PUBMED Abstract]
Barasch A, Peterson DE: Risk factors for ulcerative oral mucositis in cancer patients: unanswered questions. Oral Oncol 39 (2): 91-100, 2003.[PUBMED Abstract]
Ezzeldin HH, Diasio RB: Predicting fluorouracil toxicity: can we finally do it? J Clin Oncol 26 (13): 2080-2, 2008.[PUBMED Abstract]
Schwab M, Zanger UM, Marx C, et al.: Role of genetic and nongenetic factors for fluorouracil treatment-related severe toxicity: a prospective clinical trial by the German 5-FU Toxicity Study Group. J Clin Oncol 26 (13): 2131-8, 2008.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Hahn T, Zhelnova E, Sucheston L, et al.: A deletion polymorphism in glutathione-S-transferase mu (GSTM1) and/or theta (GSTT1) is associated with an increased risk of toxicity after autologous blood and marrow transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 16 (6): 801-8, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Spielberger R, Stiff P, Bensinger W, et al.: Palifermin for oral mucositis after intensive therapy for hematologic cancers. N Engl J Med 351 (25): 2590-8, 2004.[PUBMED Abstract]
Peterson DE, Barker NP, Akhmadullina LI, et al.: Phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of recombinant human intestinal trefoil factor oral spray for prevention of oral mucositis in patients with colorectal cancer who are receiving fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 27 (26): 4333-8, 2009.[PUBMED Abstract]
Peterson DE, Bensadoun RJ, Roila F, et al.: Management of oral and gastrointestinal mucositis: ESMO clinical recommendations. Ann Oncol 20 (Suppl 4): 174-7, 2009.[PUBMED Abstract]
Schubert MM, Williams BE, Lloid ME, et al.: Clinical assessment scale for the rating of oral mucosal changes associated with bone marrow transplantation. Development of an oral mucositis index. Cancer 69 (10): 2469-77, 1992.[PUBMED Abstract]
Sonis ST, Eilers JP, Epstein JB, et al.: Validation of a new scoring system for the assessment of clinical trial research of oral mucositis induced by radiation or chemotherapy. Mucositis Study Group. Cancer 85 (10): 2103-13, 1999.[PUBMED Abstract]
McGuire DB, Peterson DE, Muller S, et al.: The 20 item oral mucositis index: reliability and validity in bone marrow and stem cell transplant patients. Cancer Invest 20 (7-8): 893-903, 2002.[PUBMED Abstract]
Larson PJ, Miaskowski C, MacPhail L, et al.: The PRO-SELF Mouth Aware program: an effective approach for reducing chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Cancer Nurs 21 (4): 263-8, 1998.[PUBMED Abstract]
Schubert MM: Oro-pharyngeal mucositis. In: Atkinson K, ed.: Clinical Bone Marrow and Blood Stem Cell Transplantation. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp 812-20.[PUBMED Abstract]
Keefe DM, Schubert MM, Elting LS, et al.: Updated clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of mucositis. Cancer 109 (5): 820-31, 2007.[PUBMED Abstract]
Elting LS, Cooksley C, Chambers M, et al.: The burdens of cancer therapy. Clinical and economic outcomes of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Cancer 98 (7): 1531-9, 2003.[PUBMED Abstract]
Elting LS, Cooksley CD, Chambers MS, et al.: Risk, outcomes, and costs of radiation-induced oral mucositis among patients with head-and-neck malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 68 (4): 1110-20, 2007.[PUBMED Abstract]
Lalla RV, Sonis ST, Peterson DE: Management of oral mucositis in patients who have cancer. Dent Clin North Am 52 (1): 61-77, viii, 2008.[PUBMED Abstract]
Peterson DE, Lalla RV: Oral mucositis: the new paradigms. Curr Opin Oncol 22 (4): 318-22, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Rosenthal DI: Consequences of mucositis-induced treatment breaks and dose reductions on head and neck cancer treatment outcomes. J Support Oncol 5 (9 Suppl 4): 23-31, 2007.[PUBMED Abstract]
Sonis ST, Oster G, Fuchs H, et al.: Oral mucositis and the clinical and economic outcomes of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. J Clin Oncol 19 (8): 2201-5, 2001.[PUBMED Abstract]
Sonis ST: Regimen-related gastrointestinal toxicities in cancer patients. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 4 (1): 26-30, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Trotti A, Bellm LA, Epstein JB, et al.: Mucositis incidence, severity and associated outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy: a systematic literature review. Radiother Oncol 66 (3): 253-62, 2003.[PUBMED Abstract]
Pillitteri LC, Clark RE: Comparison of a patient-controlled analgesia system with continuous infusion for administration of diamorphine for mucositis. Bone Marrow Transplant 22 (5): 495-8, 1998.[PUBMED Abstract]
Bensinger W, Schubert M, Ang KK, et al.: NCCN Task Force Report. prevention and management of mucositis in cancer care. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 6 (Suppl 1): S1-21; quiz S22-4, 2008.[PUBMED Abstract]
Clarkson JE, Worthington HV, Furness S, et al.: Interventions for treating oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (8): CD001973, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Worthington HV, Clarkson JE, Bryan G, et al.: Interventions for preventing oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12: CD000978, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Rosen LS, Abdi E, Davis ID, et al.: Palifermin reduces the incidence of oral mucositis in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 24 (33): 5194-200, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract]
Vadhan-Raj S, Trent J, Patel S, et al.: Single-dose palifermin prevents severe oral mucositis during multicycle chemotherapy in patients with cancer: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 153 (6): 358-67, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Henke M, Alfonsi M, Foa P, et al.: Palifermin decreases severe oral mucositis of patients undergoing postoperative radiochemotherapy for head and neck cancer: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 29 (20): 2815-20, 2011.[PUBMED Abstract]
Le QT, Kim HE, Schneider CJ, et al.: Palifermin reduces severe mucositis in definitive chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced head and neck cancer: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Oncol 29 (20): 2808-14, 2011.[PUBMED Abstract]
Kuhn A, Porto FA, Miraglia P, et al.: Low-level infrared laser therapy in chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in children. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 31 (1): 33-7, 2009.[PUBMED Abstract]
Schubert MM, Eduardo FP, Guthrie KA, et al.: A phase III randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine the efficacy of low level laser therapy for the prevention of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. Support Care Cancer 15 (10): 1145-54, 2007.[PUBMED Abstract]
National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Oral Complications of Cancer Therapies: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment. Bethesda, Maryland, April 17-19, 1989. NCI Monogr (9): 1-184, 1990.[PUBMED Abstract]
Bavier AR: Nursing management of acute oral complications of cancer. NCI Monogr (9): 123-8, 1990.[PUBMED Abstract]
Takahashi A, Aoshiba K, Nagai A: Apoptosis of wound fibroblasts induced by oxidative stress. Exp Lung Res 28 (4): 275-84, 2002.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Schubert MM, Peterson DE: Oral complications of hematopoietic cell transplantation. In: Appelbaum FR, Forman SJ, Negrin RS, et al., eds.: Thomas' Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Stem Cell Transplantation. 4th ed. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, pp 1589-1607.[PUBMED Abstract]
Rocke LK, Loprinzi CL, Lee JK, et al.: A randomized clinical trial of two different durations of oral cryotherapy for prevention of 5-fluorouracil-related stomatitis. Cancer 72 (7): 2234-8, 1993.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Ohbayashi Y, Imataki O, Ohnishi H, et al.: Multivariate analysis of factors influencing oral mucositis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 87 (10): 837-45, 2008.[PUBMED Abstract]
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系統的レビューがMultinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral OncologyのMucositis Study Group (MSG)により実施された。[
25
]このレビューの目的の1つは、1989年以降に実施され口腔ウイルス感染の有病率を検討した研究を評価することであった。報告された口腔HSV感染の有病率は、好中球減少症のがん患者で49.8%(95% CI、31.3-68.2%)であった。この有病率は、放射線療法による治療を受けた頭頸部がん(HNC)患者ではかなり低かった(0%);しかしながら、化学療法と併用した放射線療法による治療を受け、照射されたHNC患者では43.2%(95% CI、0-100%)に増加した。好中球減少症の患者-主に血液悪性疾患患者-は、がん患者の他のグループよりがん治療中に発生する免疫抑制の程度が重度なため、この知見は驚くことではない。しかしながら、HNC患者では、従来の放射線療法への化学療法の追加によりリスクが高まった。
疾病予防管理センター(CDC)、Infectious Diseases Society of America(IDSA)、およびAmerican Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation(ASBMT)は、HSCTを受ける患者を対象とした日和見感染予防のガイドラインを公表しており、この分野の基準となっている。[
28
][
29
]この重要な文献の内容は、ウイルス感染予防に関するグローバルな視点を提示している。CDC、IDSAおよびASBMTは、 HSV血清陽性のすべての同種移植患者にアシクロビル予防が推奨されると結論している。アシクロビルの代替としてのバラシクロビルは、HSCTにおけるHSVの効果的な予防法として中程度の位置付けとなっている;ホスカネットは、腎毒性が強いことから、ルーチンのHSV予防には避ける薬剤として扱われている。
これらのガイドラインはMSGによる系統的レビューの範囲を越えており、得られている証拠が口腔病変を伴う感染に特異的なものではないため、十分な証拠(例えば、CMV、VZVおよびEBV感染に関して)を提供していない。これらの米国の3つの団体によるガイドラインは、German Society of Hematology [
30
]およびEuropean Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.[
31
]による推奨に沿ったものである。
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Schubert MM, Peterson DE: Oral complications of hematopoietic cell transplantation. In: Appelbaum FR, Forman SJ, Negrin RS, et al., eds.: Thomas' Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Stem Cell Transplantation. 4th ed. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, pp 1589-1607.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Raber-Durlacher JE, Epstein JB, Raber J, et al.: Periodontal infection in cancer patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 10 (6): 466-73, 2002.[PUBMED Abstract]
Hong CH, Napeñas JJ, Hodgson BD, et al.: A systematic review of dental disease in patients undergoing cancer therapy. Support Care Cancer 18 (8): 1007-21, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Peterson DE: Pretreatment strategies for infection prevention in chemotherapy patients. NCI Monogr (9): 61-71, 1990.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Naesens L, De Clercq E: Recent developments in herpesvirus therapy. Herpes 8 (1): 12-6, 2001.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Kanegane H, Nomura K, Miyawaki T, et al.: Biological aspects of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected lymphocytes in chronic active EBV infection and associated malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 44 (3): 239-49, 2002.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Epstein JB, Nantel S, Sheoltch SM: Topical azathioprine in the combined treatment of chronic oral graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 25 (6): 683-7, 2000.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Migliorati CA, Casiglia J, Epstein J, et al.: Managing the care of patients with bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis: an American Academy of Oral Medicine position paper. J Am Dent Assoc 136 (12): 1658-68, 2005.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Smidt-Hansen T, Folkmar TB, Fode K, et al.: Combination of zoledronic Acid and targeted therapy is active but may induce osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 71 (9): 1532-40, 2013.[PUBMED Abstract]
Migliorati CA, Siegel MA, Elting LS: Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis: a long-term complication of bisphosphonate treatment. Lancet Oncol 7 (6): 508-14, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract]
Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Fantasia J, et al.: Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw—2014 Update. Rosemont, Ill: American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 2014. Available online. Last accessed December 16, 2016.[PUBMED Abstract]
Woo SB, Hellstein JW, Kalmar JR: Narrative [corrected]review: bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaws. Ann Intern Med 144 (10): 753-61, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Marx RE, Sawatari Y, Fortin M, et al.: Bisphosphonate-induced exposed bone (osteonecrosis/osteopetrosis) of the jaws: risk factors, recognition, prevention, and treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 63 (11): 1567-75, 2005.[PUBMED Abstract]
Polizzotto MN, Cousins V, Schwarer AP: Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the auditory canal. Br J Haematol 132 (1): 114, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract]
Khan AM, Sindwani R: Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the skull base. Laryngoscope 119 (3): 449-52, 2009.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Smith MR, Saad F, Coleman R, et al.: Denosumab and bone-metastasis-free survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: results of a phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 379 (9810): 39-46, 2012.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Migliorati CA, Schubert MM, Peterson DE, et al.: Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of mandibular and maxillary bone: an emerging oral complication of supportive cancer therapy. Cancer 104 (1): 83-93, 2005.[PUBMED Abstract]
Ruggiero SL, Fantasia J, Carlson E: Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: background and guidelines for diagnosis, staging and management. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 102 (4): 433-41, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Freiberger JJ: Utility of hyperbaric oxygen in treatment of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67 (5 Suppl): 96-106, 2009.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Assael LA, et al.: American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons position paper on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw - 2009 update. Aust Endod J 35 (3): 119-30, 2009.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Chaudhry AN, Ruggiero SL: Osteonecrosis and bisphosphonates in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 19 (2): 199-206, vi, 2007.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Sonis ST: Mucositis as a biological process: a new hypothesis for the development of chemotherapy-induced stomatotoxicity. Oral Oncol 34 (1): 39-43, 1998.[PUBMED Abstract]
Sonis ST, Peterson DE, McGuire DB, eds.: Mucosal injury in cancer patients: new strategies for research and treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr (29): 1-54, 2001.[PUBMED Abstract]
Barasch A, Peterson DE: Risk factors for ulcerative oral mucositis in cancer patients: unanswered questions. Oral Oncol 39 (2): 91-100, 2003.[PUBMED Abstract]
Demarosi F, Bez C, Carrassi A: Prevention and treatment of chemo- and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Minerva Stomatol 51 (5): 173-86, 2002.[PUBMED Abstract]
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放射線腫瘍学の教本では、HNC患者に対する放射線療法の続発症としての開口障害に言及していないことが多く、この病状の有病率および重要性の認識が欠けている原因となっている。Radiation Therapy Oncology GroupおよびEuropean Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancerによって、LENT(正常組織における晩期障害)罹病スケールを開発する試みが進行中である。米国国立がん研究所のコンセンサス会議は、晩期毒性のSOMA(主観的、客観的、管理、解析)分類を導入した。しかしながら、両スケールは、腫瘍臓器を中心に扱っており、皮膚傷害および開口障害は扱っていない。これは、これらのスケールの今後の改定で修正すべきである。
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Jham BC, Teixeira IV, Aboud CG, et al.: A randomized phase III prospective trial of bethanechol to prevent radiotherapy-induced salivary gland damage in patients with head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 43 (2): 137-42, 2007.[PUBMED Abstract]
Blom M, Lundeberg T: Long-term follow-up of patients treated with acupuncture for xerostomia and the influence of additional treatment. Oral Dis 6 (1): 15-24, 2000.[PUBMED Abstract]
O'Sullivan EM, Higginson IJ: Clinical effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of irradiation-induced xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer: a systematic review. Acupunct Med 28 (4): 191-9, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Cho JH, Chung WK, Kang W, et al.: Manual acupuncture improved quality of life in cancer patients with radiation-induced xerostomia. J Altern Complement Med 14 (5): 523-6, 2008.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Strietzel FP, Lafaurie GI, Mendoza GR, et al.: Efficacy and safety of an intraoral electrostimulation device for xerostomia relief: a multicenter, randomized trial. Arthritis Rheum 63 (1): 180-90, 2011.[PUBMED Abstract]
Lafaurie G, Fedele S, López RM, et al.: Biotechnological advances in neuro-electro-stimulation for the treatment of hyposalivation and xerostomia. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 14 (2): E76-80, 2009.[PUBMED Abstract]
Hong CH, Napeñas JJ, Hodgson BD, et al.: A systematic review of dental disease in patients undergoing cancer therapy. Support Care Cancer 18 (8): 1007-21, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Brennan MT, Elting LS, Spijkervet FK: Systematic reviews of oral complications from cancer therapies, Oral Care Study Group, MASCC/ISOO: methodology and quality of the literature. Support Care Cancer 18 (8): 979-84, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Peterson DE, Doerr W, Hovan A, et al.: Osteoradionecrosis in cancer patients: the evidence base for treatment-dependent frequency, current management strategies, and future studies. Support Care Cancer 18 (8): 1089-98, 2010.[PUBMED Abstract]
Dijkstra PU, Kalk WW, Roodenburg JL: Trismus in head and neck oncology: a systematic review. Oral Oncol 40 (9): 879-89, 2004.[PUBMED Abstract]
Louise Kent M, Brennan MT, Noll JL, et al.: Radiation-induced trismus in head and neck cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 16 (3): 305-9, 2008.[PUBMED Abstract]
Dijkstra PU, Huisman PM, Roodenburg JL: Criteria for trismus in head and neck oncology. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 35 (4): 337-42, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Pauloski BR, Rademaker AW, Logemann JA, et al.: Pretreatment swallowing function in patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck 22 (5): 474-82, 2000.[PUBMED Abstract]
Kronenberger MB, Meyers AD: Dysphagia following head and neck cancer surgery. Dysphagia 9 (4): 236-44, 1994.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Sasse AD, Clark LG, Sasse EC, et al.: Amifostine reduces side effects and improves complete response rate during radiotherapy: results of a meta-analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 64 (3): 784-91, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract]
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