International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies(ISSVA)分類で、脈管奇形は脈管の種類に従って細分される。[
3
]high-flow病変である動静脈奇形が最も侵攻性の病型であるが、比較的まれである。low-flow病変は、静脈性、リンパ性、または混合性の場合がある。low-flow奇形の患者における症状は、疼痛を引き起こす大型病変、偶発的血栓症、または出血に関係することが最も多い。大型病変を有する患者では、肺塞栓症のリスクがある。毛細血管奇形には、ポートワイン母斑および多くの希少病変がある。high-flowおよびlow-flowの両奇形を有する患者に対する通常の治療は、手術、血管内介入、この2つを含むいくつかの併用療法である;理想的には、患者の治療に脈管異常の集学的チームが関与する。低レベルの証拠のみであるが、これらの選択肢間での治療選択が支持され、大型病変で再発率が比較的高い。[
4
]
Mulliken JB, Glowacki J: Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics. Plast Reconstr Surg 69 (3): 412-22, 1982.[PUBMED Abstract]
Lokmic Z, Mitchell GM, Koh Wee Chong N, et al.: Isolation of human lymphatic malformation endothelial cells, their in vitro characterization and in vivo survival in a mouse xenograft model. Angiogenesis 17 (1): 1-15, 2014.[PUBMED Abstract]
Wassef M, Blei F, Adams D, et al.: Vascular Anomalies Classification: Recommendations From the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. Pediatrics 136 (1): e203-14, 2015.[PUBMED Abstract]
van der Vleuten CJ, Kater A, Wijnen MH, et al.: Effectiveness of sclerotherapy, surgery, and laser therapy in patients with venous malformations: a systematic review. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 37 (4): 977-89, 2014.[PUBMED Abstract]
Soblet J, Limaye N, Uebelhoer M, et al.: Variable Somatic TIE2 Mutations in Half of Sporadic Venous Malformations. Mol Syndromol 4 (4): 179-83, 2013.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Keppler-Noreuil KM, Rios JJ, Parker VE, et al.: PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS): diagnostic and testing eligibility criteria, differential diagnosis, and evaluation. Am J Med Genet A 167A (2): 287-95, 2015.[PUBMED Abstract]
Adams DM, Trenor CC, Hammill AM, et al.: Efficacy and Safety of Sirolimus in the Treatment of Complicated Vascular Anomalies. Pediatrics 137 (2): e20153257, 2016.[PUBMED Abstract]
Hammer J, Seront E, Duez S, et al.: Sirolimus is efficacious in treatment for extensive and/or complex slow-flow vascular malformations: a monocentric prospective phase II study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 13 (1): 191, 2018.[PUBMED Abstract]
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Couto JA, Huang AY, Konczyk DJ, et al.: Somatic MAP2K1 Mutations Are Associated with Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformation. Am J Hum Genet 100 (3): 546-554, 2017.[PUBMED Abstract]
小児脈管腫瘍に関する一般情報
脈管異常は脈管腫瘍または脈管奇形として分類される一連のまれな疾患群である。更新された分類システムがInternational Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies総会(ISSVA、2014年4月)で採択され、2018年にさらなる追加が加えられた(ISSVA、2018年5月)。[
1
][
2
]一般に、脈管腫瘍が増殖性であるのに対し、脈管奇形は基礎的な増殖を伴わずに発達上の異常の膨張を通じて拡大する。
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Dubois J, Patriquin HB, Garel L, et al.: Soft-tissue hemangiomas in infants and children: diagnosis using Doppler sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 171 (1): 247-52, 1998.[PUBMED Abstract]
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